Anteosauridae is an extinct family of large carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids that are known from the Middle Permian of Asia, Africa, and South America.These animals were by far the largest predators of the Permian period, with skulls reaching 80 cm in length in adult individuals, far larger than the biggest gorgonopsian.

Anteosaurids are characterized by very large pointed incisors and canines, bulbous spatulate (spoon shaped) postcanines, a very strongly upturned margin of the premaxilla, so the front of mouth curves strongly upwards, and a long, very robust lower jaw (Boonstra 1963).

Anteosaurids distinguished from Brithopus and other non-anteosaurid anteosaurians by the presence of a large thickened region or "boss" on the side of the angle of the lower jaw; this was probably used in intraspecific behaviour.

Several recent phylogenetic studies of anteosaurians find support for two subfamilies within Anteosauridae: Anteosaurinae and Syodontinae.

[1] Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:[2] Biarmosuchus tener Estemmenosuchus uralensis Ulemosaurus svijagensis Tapinocaninus pamelae Archaeosyodon praeventor Sinophoneus yumenensis Titanophoneus adamanteus Titanophoneus potens Anteosaurus magnificus Pampaphoneus biccai Notosyodon gusevi Syodon biarmicum Australosyodon nyaphuli