The olive-backed pipit (Anthus hodgsoni) is a small passerine bird of the pipit (Anthus) genus, which breeds across southern, north central and eastern Asia, as well as in the north-eastern European Russia.

It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to southern Asia and Indonesia.

However, its back is more olive-toned and less streaked than that species, and its head pattern is different with a better-marked supercilium.

The genus name Anthus is from Latin and is the name for a small bird of grasslands.

The specific hodgsoni commemorates English diplomat and collector Brian Houghton Hodgson.