Anti-communism in China

Today, anti-communism in mainland China and among overseas Chinese is sometimes associated with protest movements and support for liberal democracy.

On 12 April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek purged the communists in what was known as the Shanghai massacre which led to the Chinese Civil War.

The movement began during the Beijing Spring in 1978 and it also played an important role in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.

[citation needed] Charter 08 is a manifesto which was signed by over 303 Chinese intellectuals and human rights activists who seek to promote political reform and democratization in the People's Republic of China.

[citation needed] Hong Kong has had numerous anti-CCP protests, supported by political parties of the pro-democracy camp.

[11] The end of the failed 2014 Hong Kong protests marked a novel and intensified wave of moderate nationalism in the territory.

Localists have fiercely opposed CCP rule since the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, with some calling for independence from China.

[citation needed] After the Great Retreat, the Republic of China (Taiwan) government remained anti-communist and attempted to recover the mainland from the Communist forces.