Anti-modernization (also known as anti-modernisation or retraditionalisation),[1] is "a societal and cultural reaction to the unsolved 'reality problems' in the modernization model".
This could include disfavor of movements attempting to spread democracy, capitalism, or certain themes of social life present in more "western" nations or cultures.
[3] Boris Rumer wrote in his book Central Asia at the End of the Transition (2005) that "anti-modernization is appearing in all spheres of culture and economics.
The retraditionalization of social life, deprofessionalization of entire strata of the population, the anti-intellectualism emanating from above, the exodus of skilled personnel from the country – these are all clear signs of the anti-modernization that characterizes the reality in post-Soviet Uzbekistan".
[4] There was an apparent anti-modernization movement in Iran in the 1960s and 1970s was said to be "an attempt to reconcile...modernity with the Islamic and Iranian contexts".