Anton Freiherr von Eiselsberg (31 July 1860 – 25 October 1939) was an Austrian neurosurgeon.

It was his initiative that lead to the creation of the world-first emergency surgery station in Vienna, dramatically increasing the effectiveness of medical intervention after accidents.

[2] Operating with only crude X-rays, he actually located the tumor primarily on the basis of the symptoms of the patient.

As part of the award, he was invited to give the Lister Memorial Lecture at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in July 1927.

[4] He himself died during the early days of World War II in an accident caused by the collision of two trains in the vicinity of St. Valentin, Lower Austria, on 25 October 1939.