Antonin Galipeault studied at a seminary in Joliette and at Université Laval, later being admitted to the Bar of Quebec in 1900.

He worked as a lawyer alongside Joseph-Napoléon Francoeur and Louis Saint-Laurent, and later became president of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society.

After a first tentative role as provincial deputy in 1904, he became municipal councillor for Quebec City.

He was notably President of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1916 to 1919 and minister of public works under Louis-Alexandre Taschereau.

He left political life in 1930 to become chief judge of the Court of King's Bench.