The park is important because it creates an ecological corridor from the low floodplain of the Amur, to the high forested mountains of the Sikhote-Alin.

[1] Approximately 45% of the park tree cover is Far Eastern Taiga, 30% is sub-taiga (mid-mountain coniferous forest), 14% is river floodplain and delta, and 11% is marsh.

The northeastern wing is the valley of the Anyuy River and its tributaries, and it has steeper and deeper canyons, and an average altitude of 600 meters.

According to the World Wildlife Federation (WWF), "compared to other temperate ecosystems, the level of endemism in plants and invertebrates in the region is extraordinarily high".

[9][10] The park is a critical component of the network of protected areas in the middle and lower Amur, particularly because it integrates a continuous habitat from river floodplains, through valley-mountain sub-taiga of Mongolian oak and Korean pine, to mountain ridges.

The Korean pine's numbers have been reduced by two-thirds in the past 50 years, and are becoming increasingly a target of illegal logging in the area surrounding Anyuysky.

On the interior border of the park, the small village of Arsenyevo was a place of exile during the 1930s collectivization; it also served as a Japanese POW camp in the 1940s.

[13] In 2015, an Amur tiger named "Uporny" (Russian for "Stubborn") was released in the region, and after wandering for six weeks was recorded by GPS as having chosen a territory inside Anyuysky National Park.