The Palenques had formed a village in Aripata, on the right bank of the Unare, where the population of Clarines is located, but its domains encompassed the Tramojo, Chocopire and Güere River lagoons to the south.

With the appearance of Cubagua and its pearly potential, the stretch of land included between Cumana and the Unare River became a key supply site.

However, The first Spanish settlement in the land of the Cumanagotos occurred in 1586 under the command of the Captain of Conquest Cristobal Cobos, who confronted the Cayaurima chieftain, and whose defeat was decisive for the foundation of the first city, San Cristóbal de la New Ecija.

The first foundation, was followed by more than sixty years of war, until the arrival of Juan de Orpí, to whom the audience of Santo Domingo assigns the conquest of the province of the cumanagotos.

He achieved his goal and in 1636 he founded Nueva Barcelona, near San Cristóbal, which coexisted between 1638 and 1670 as towns rivals because of the government dependency they had.

Cotton and sugar cane, together with livestock and fishing, allowed since colonial times the structuring of small towns (Barcelona, Boca de Uchire, Clarines and Píritu).

The main rivers are Amana, Aragüita, Caris, Guanipa, Güere, Guario, Morichal Largo, Neverí, Pao, Tigre, Unare, Zuata and a sector of the lower Orinoco.

It is largely determined by altitude, climate and season of the year, where areas of snow-covered scrub, cujíes and small southern species alternate.

As for the flora, the species of wood trees that are most abundant are oil, pylon, carob, oak, quebrahacho, puy, araguaney, apamate, etc.

It is important to mention, the Cayenne, which is found throughout the region: it is a tall and sometimes arborescent bush of 8-10 mts high that presents the following characteristics.

eL Cuji: Prosopis Juliflora (scientific name) is a tree up to 10–15 m high, typical of arid and semi-arid regions, chestnut green in colour, with flexible branches with long and strong thorns.

In the Anaco-Aragua sector in Barcelona and El Tigre are the aspects related to the extraction phase, while the industrial activities of refining are carried out in Puerto La Cruz and San Roque.

According to the Agricultural Statistical Yearbook of the MAC 89/91, the main items cultivated in the state are: soy, peanuts, corn, cotton, cane, sorghum, coffee, cocoa, cambur, roots and tubers.

The development of the state has been centered in the coastal strip, where 50% of the population is located, generating conflicts of use by the occupation of the space between the tourist, industrial oil, mining, residential and commercial activities.

[citation needed] Tourism currently plays an important role in the development of Puerto La Cruz and other coastal towns.

Industrial: Crude and refined petroleum, natural gas and its derivatives, coal, cement, food products and beverages.

The coastal vegetation is essentially thorny, where cactus and shrubs such as cuji, dividivi, yacure, guamacho, espinito and retama predominate.

Ascending there is an area where species like the vera palo santo, the guatacaro, the jobo pelón, the cardón and the araguaney can be observed.

Marine species are abundant such as: sardine, mackerel, horse mackerel, cataco, lampara, yellowfin and blackfin tuna, lebranche, mullet, mojarra and snook; while in the depths species like corocoro, snapper, grouper, curvina, roncador, cazón, the blue shark and widow are abundant.