The island is administered by the village of Aogashima, which is subordinate to the Hachijō Subprefecture, which itself is governed by the City of Tokyo.

The southern coast also rises to a sharp ridge forming one edge of a caldera named Ikenosawa (池之沢) with a diameter of 1.5 km.

Still considered a Class-C active volcano by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the last eruption of Aogashima was during a four-year period from 1781–1785.

The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese woodpigeons, Pleske's grasshopper warblers, Ijima's leaf-warblers and Izu thrushes.

In April 1783, lava flows from the Maruyama cone resulted in the evacuation of all 63 households on the island.