[2] The stigmatization of Muslims being evil and to deny their religious claims is the purpose of the text as the text implies it was counter-written to Islamic conversion, stating the world will be deceived by the Muslim rulers who are implicitly compared with the Antichrist; claiming to be Christ, then later revealing himself to be the actual oppressor.
[3] The antichrist's imminent reign is signaled by Muslim rule and their confiscation of property, harassments, and apostasy of Christians.
[1] A critical English translation based on the Arabic was published in J. van Lent's Coptic apocalyptic writings from the Islamic period and a French translation from the Ethiopian in G. Colin's La version éthiopienne de la vie de Schenoudi.
The text could possibly be authored not long after 693-94 of the tax reform by Governor Abd al-Azīz as recorded in Eutychius of Alexandria's Eutychii Annales (i,p.
41), along with the expanding political and religious assertiveness of Islam that possibly incited fear of a major apostasy outbreak.