The archdiocese encompasses the islands of the former British dependency of the Bahamas.

The archbishop is the metropolitan responsible for the Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda, which is a suffragan diocese, and the Mission sui iuris of Turks and Caicos, and is a member of the Antilles Episcopal Conference.

The first permanent Roman Catholic presence in the Bahamas was established in 1885 by the Archdiocese of New York, given the trade connections between the Bahamas and New York City.

The archdiocese was originally erected as the Prefecture Apostolic of the Bahama in March 1929, and was no longer associated with New York by 1932.

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