An appeal to pity (also called argumentum ad misericordiam, the sob story, or the Galileo argument)[1][2] is a fallacy in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting one's opponent's feelings of pity or guilt.
It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion.
The name "Galileo argument" refers to the scientist's suffering as a result of his house arrest by the Inquisition.