Aquarist

The Roman poet Rutilus Namatianus wrote of a Etrurian Jew who kept fish in opaque tanks.

In 1369, Emperor Hung Wu established a porcelain factory to produce large tubs for fish.

During this time, Richard Bradley, an English botanist, and John Dayell, a Scottish naturalist, experimented with keeping marine life.

In particular, scientists tried to determine if marine life could survive in captivity, as they usually died shortly after being removed from their natural environments.

"[7] Yet, in the 19th century, railroad transportation was introduced, enabling more people to visit coastal regions.

During this period, scientists focused on analyzing the chemical and physical properties of aquatic environments, such as water temperature and salt content.

[7] One of the most famous oceanic expeditions of the period was the four year journey of HMS Challenger, led by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, which visited 363 locations.

According to Richard Owen, director of the British Museum, Villepreux-Power invented the first aquarium through these experiments.

In 1856, Emil Adolf Rossmässler wrote about setting up freshwater aquariums as a "small botanical garden island" with animals such as snails, pearl mussels, and goldfish in Die Gartenlaube.

[9] In 1860, Gustav Jager, a German nature scientist and doctor, built an aquarium in Vienna, Austria.