The Antiquities Act was unable to protect historical sites from criminal looting.
Several attempts by the federal land-managing agencies and prosecutors to use this act resulted in judges saying that provisions regarding criminal prosecution were unconstitutionally vague making it unenforceable.
[2] ARPA regulates access to archaeological resources on federal and Native American lands.
"[3] ARPA also defines "of archaeological interest" as "capable of providing scientific or humanistic understandings of past human behavior, cultural adaption, and related topics.
Those who violate can face substantial fines and even a jail sentence if convicted, and any relevant archaeological resources will be confiscated.