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The St. Peter's Church was dedicated in 1787; its worshippers included Sister Elizabeth Ann Seton and the philanthropist Pierre Toussaint.

[10] On November 6, 1789, Pius VI raised the Apostolic Prefecture of United States to the Diocese of Baltimore, headed by the first American bishop, John Carroll.

On Carroll's recommendation, Concanen appointed Reverend Anthony Kohlmann, rector of St. Peter's Parish, to administer the diocese as his vicar general.

He spent a great deal of time ministering to Irish immigrants building the Erie Canal in Upstate New York.

Hughes argued Catholics students in the existing schools were being forced to hear readings from the Protestant King James Bible.

[32] Despite Hughes' lobbying, the New York State Legislature passed the Maclay Act in 1842, which prohibited public funding of religious schools.

[31] Hughes decided to found an independent Catholic school system in the city, staffed by members of religious orders.

[31] In July 1863, during the American Civil War, Hughes used his influence to help stop the Draft Riots in Lower Manhattan.

They were started by Irish working men as a protest against conscription into the Union Army, but devolved into race riots that killed 119 African-Americans and resulted in the burning of many buildings.

Very ill at the time, Hughes appeared on his balcony to address several thousand people, urging them to be peaceful and loyal to the United States.

He also established several charitable societies for children and a hospital for the mentally ill.[48] On July 25, 1885, Pope Leo XIII transferred the Bahamas to the Archdiocese of New York.

[45] During the 1886 mayoral campaign in New York City, Reverend Edward McGlynn, pastor of St. Stephen's Parish in Manhattan, announced that he would speak at a political rally for the journalist Henry George, the candidate of the United Labor Party.

[55] That same year, near the end of World War I, the Vatican named Hayes as the apostolic vicar of the Military Vicariate of the United States.

[56] Pope Pius XI erected the Apostolic Prefecture of Bahama on March 21, 1929, starting its separation from the Archdiocese of New York.

[49] When Hayes died in 1938, Pope Pius XI appointed Auxiliary Bishop Francis Spellman on April 15, 1939, as archbishop of New York.

[62] After Spellman's death, Pope Paul VI named Auxiliary Bishop Terence Cooke as the seventh archbishop of New York on March 2, 1968.

[63] Cooke helped implement the reforms of the Second Vatican Council in the archdiocese, and adopted a more collegial management style than Spellman.

[65] In 1986, the Vatican erected the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, removing jurisdiction for Catholic ministry to servicemen and women from the archbishop of New York.

[66] In 1990, O'Connor started the canonization process for Pierre Toussaint, the formerly enslaved man from Haiti who became a Catholic philanthropist in the 19th century.

[69] For retired priests, Egan established the John Cardinal O'Connor residence in 2003 at the previous site of the minor seminary in the Bronx.

[73] Soon after his arrival in New York, Dolan oversaw a widely consultative pair of "strategic planning" processes, examining the archdiocese's hundreds of grade schools ("Pathways to Excellence", 2009–2013) and parishes ("Making All Things New", 2010–2015).

Ultimately, Dolan announced that dozens of underutilized schools and parishes would close or merge with others in their neighborhoods, due to decades-long trends of shifting populations, increasing expenses, declining attendance, and decreasing clergy.

[76] In January 2024, Dolan announced that the archdiocese would move its offices from the Terence Cardinal Cooke Catholic Building in Manhattan to another location close to St. Patrick's Cathedral.

[88] In August 2018, the archdiocese reported that between 2016 and 2018, its Independent Reconciliation and Compensation Program paid nearly $60 million to 278 victims of sex abuse by clergy.

[96][97] In his lawsuit, Grien also stated that McCarrick's status as a friend of his family allowed him to continue to visit and sexually abuse him after leaving the archdiocese in 1981.

[103] Dolan also backed the Jones Report and stated at a press conference that the archdiocese was expanding its sex abuse policy as well.

[107] On May 8, 2020, Cuomo extended the 2019 New York Child Victim Act's statute of limitations deadline to file sex abuse lawsuits.

[109][110] In addition to these new lawsuits, a Scarsdale Catholic school teacher identified as Edwin Gaylor also confessed to committing acts of sex abuse.

[111] On December 3, 2020, Reverend George Rutler, pastor of the Church of St. Michael in Manhattan, was accused by a female security guard of watching pornography and "aggressively" groping her.