Maria Theresa of Austria (22 August 1684 – 28 September 1696) was a daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate-Neuburg.

She was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, as a member of the House of Habsburg, the fourth daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his whird wife, Eleonore Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg.

Maria Theresa died of smallpox at the age of twelve, at the Palais Ebersdorf in Vienna.

In 1695, at the age of 11, Maria Theresa was engaged to Maximilian II Emanuel, the Elector of Bavaria, as part of a political alliance between Austria and Bavaria.

The marriage was arranged to strengthen the ties between the two states and secure Bavaria's support for the Habsburg dynasty, but she died of Smallpox before her wedding could take place.