Archduchess Mathilde Marie Adelgunde Alexandra of Austria (25 January 1849 – 6 June 1867) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine as the daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen.

Mathilde was born on 25 January 1849 in Vienna as the third child and second daughter of Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen (1817–1895), a Field Marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army and Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (1825–1864).

Her sister Maria Theresa (1845–1927) became the wife of Duke Philip of Württemberg (1838-1917), while her brother Charles Albert (1847–1848) had already died of smallpox by the time Mathilde was born.

During the winter, the family lived in the Archduke Albert Palace (today the Albertina museum) in Vienna, which was close to the Hofburg, the imperial residence.

[4] On 23 December 1865, she stood proxy for the godmother, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, at the baptism of her niece, Duchess Maria Amalia of Württemberg (1865–1883).

[citation needed] Around this time, Mathilde's paternal third cousin from the Italian line of the House of Habsburg, Archduke Ludwig Salvator fell in love with her.

The funeral procession was held at night, by torchlight, and the whole imperial family and household participated in it, with a large crowd of spectators gathering along the roads.