Archibald Arnott (18 April 1772 – 1855) was a British Army surgeon best remembered as Napoleon's doctor on St. Helena, who was present at the Emperor's autopsy.

In 1812 Arnott served with the Duke of Wellington in his campaigns until the end of the war, including the Battle of Vittoria, in the Pyrenees and in India.

He quickly established excellent relations with the Emperor, becoming his most trusted doctor, and attended to him until his death.

Prior to his death, Napoleon ordered a snuff box brought to him and carved an "N" with a pen knife and presented it to Dr. Arnott, along with a locket of his hair, a pair of duelling pistols and a handkerchief.

After his retirement to Ecclefechan and his estate of Kirconnel Hall, Arnott acquired a collection of anecdotes of the period and wrote an "Account of the last illness, Decease, and Post-mortem appearances of Napoleon" in 1822.