Archibald Cameron of Lochiel
He was the personal physician of Charles Edward Stuart and appears in the Jacobite Army muster roll as "ADC to the prince.
After secretly returning to Scotland in 1753, he was captured by the government with the aid of "Pickle the Spy" and, at Tyburn, he became the last Jacobite to be executed for high treason.
He subsequently returned to the Scottish Highlands, married within the clan to his Lochaber cousin, Jean Cameron of Dungallon, and fathered seven children.
[6] For this reason, Dr Cameron was despatched to Loch nan Uamh to communicate the futility of the enterprise and persuade the Prince to return to France.
[8] Archibald Cameron first saw action in late August 1745, when he helped to lead a fairly futile attack on Ruthven Barracks.
[10] The Newgate Calendar's hagiography portrays him as a non-combatant during the Rising, who refused to offer more than his surgical skills, but some historians consider this very likely to be inaccurate[11] since Cameron was slightly wounded in action at the Battle of Falkirk in January 1746.
Sir Stuart Threipland, who was in hiding with the Cameron chief, also opened his purse and contributed the additional sum of six guineas.
[15] After a covert meeting and interview with Jean Cameron of Dungallon, the Doctor's wife, about (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna nan Creach lit.
"[17] In early July 1746, the Doctor's elder brother, Roman Catholic priest and former Jacobite Army military chaplain Alexander Cameron was taken prisoner on the White Sands of Morar, while hiding along the coast of The Rough Bounds in Lochaber.
[19][20] In his biography of Rob Roy MacGregor, W. H. Murray summarized the traditional code of honour expected and demanded of Scottish Gaels as rooted in the obligations that, "right must be seen to be done, no man left destitute, the given word honoured, [and] the strictest honour observed to all who have given implicit trust..."[21] Under this code, the events of the "Year of the Pillaging" in Cameron country, as well as the religious persecution and church arsons being committed by the British armed forces against the Scottish Episcopal Church, to which Dr Cameron proudly belonged[22] and particularly the attainder of his elder brother's heirs and the confiscation of the Lochiel estates under the Attainder of Earl of Kellie and Others Act 1746 (19 Geo.
Along with the harsh treatment of Cameron clan members still living on the former Lochiel properties by the Forfeited Estates Commission,[23] they very likely contributed to the motivation for Dr Cameron's refusal, even long after other high ranking Jacobite Army veterans had made their peace with the House of Hanover and the Whig political establishment, to abandon his fight for a Stuart restoration.
In 1753, he was sent back to Scotland once again to search for the missing Loch Arkaig treasure[26] and to participate with Alexander Murray of Elibank in plans to abduct the royals from St James's Palace.
Even though Prince Charles had refused to allow "the Elibank plot" to turn into a decapitation strike of His Majesty's Government and expressly forbade the use of assassination against George II or any other senior members of the House of Hanover,[27] while Dr Cameron was staying secretly at Brenachyle near Loch Katrine, his location was leaked to the government by Alastair Ruadh MacDonnell of Glengarry, the notorious "Pickle the spy", and members of Clan Cameron who by this time were sickened by his Jacobitism.
[9] For a long time, however, the source inside the Jacobite movement of Dr Cameron's betrayal was incorrectly believed to be Prince Charles' mistress, Clementina Walkinshaw, particularly as her sister was then a lady in waiting to the dowager Princess of Wales.
In his final papers, written from prison, he still protested his undying loyalty to the House of Stuart and his non-juring Episcopalian principles.
"[43] According at least one 20th-century historian, the real reason for using an old bill of attainder as grounds to execute Dr Cameron without a formal trial was to protect the cover of Alastair Ruadh MacDonnell, the then-Tanist of Glengarry, as the highly damaging Hanoverian mole inside the Jacobite movement known as "Pickle the Spy".
[44] Even so, Sir Walter Scott later commented that Dr. Cameron's execution, "threw much reproach upon the Government, and even upon the personal character of George II, as sullen, relentless, and unforgiving.
