Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, 1st Earl of Ilay, PC (June 1682 – 15 April 1761) was a Scottish nobleman, politician, lawyer, businessman, and soldier.

Born at Ham House, Petersham, Surrey, he was the second son of Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl and 1st Duke of Argyll (1658–1703) and his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet of Helmingham, Suffolk.

He supported his brother, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (on many topics, most notably the Act of Union), earning him the title of Earl of Ilay in 1706.

The Duke was an enthusiastic gardener and he imported large numbers of exotic species of plants and trees for his estate.

On his death, many of these, including mature trees, were moved by his nephew, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, to the Princess of Wales' new garden at Kew.

The Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree is an imported shrub named after him which has become established in hedgerows in some parts of England.

In Neil Munro's novel Doom Castle (1901), Archibald Campbell features as the 3rd Duke of Argyll and returns in The New Road (1914) as the Earl of Ilay.