Architecture of Monaco
[3] The history of the architecture of Monaco can be predominantly attributed to its location on the South East of France, which has allowed strong French influence, especially that of the Belle Époque period.
[4] Italian qualities can also be found due to proximity, Genoese heritage and the influence of the Capriccio movement, incorporated in the housing architecture of notable structures in Monte Carlo.
Notable Monagasque works of French architects Charles Garnier[5] and Jules Dutrou[6] epitomise the mixture of other European and historical influences.
[7] Modern Monégasque architecture is reflective of Mediterranean influence, with the predominantly used materials sourced locally; including granite, marble and terracotta tiles.
[8] The Medieval period (ranging from the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance) greatly influenced the architecture of Monaco.
[9] In 1215, the Ghibellines of Genoa colonised Monaco due to its strategic location on the harbour, after receiving rule over the region from Emperor Henry VI.
As defined by Italian art historian and biographer Filippo Baldinucci, the style of Capriccio is a "dreamlike interpretation of the subject of a work that comes from a free imagination".
As seen in the image, it is the Capriccio movement which led to the creation of the Monte Carlo Casino, Pavilions, and multitude of hotels seamlessly interweaving to create the holistic architectural style of Monaco.
[16] Belle Époque translates to Beautiful Age (referring to the time period between 1871 and 1914), and heavily influenced Monaco's architectural development.
The period can be categorised by the stylistic characteristics of Art Nouveau, which consisted of natural forms, structures, flowers, plants and curved lines.
[20] This mass increase in inhabitants and limited physical area has led to pressure on the architectural design and creation of housing for these immigrants.
Despite Prince Albert II reversing this Sovereign Order, the accelerating demolition of Monaco's architectural heritage has produced apprehension.
[25] Mediterranean influences are epitomised through the Romanesque Revival architecture style, highlighted through the white Carrara marble used to carve the episcopal throne.
[19] The Jardin d'Hiver (Winter Garden) was designed and created by Gustave Eiffel, who used glass conservatory and erected disciples to combine classic authenticity and technology.
[28] Architect Joseph Lori renovated the Hotel, elevating it two more levels, and rejuvenating the classic Belle Époque style, in the Prince and Beaumarchais wings in particular.
[19] Following this renovation, the Hôtel Hermitage was made a 'listed building', and awarded the Renaissance Trophy for the "most elegant period decor" by the Gault and Millau Guide.
The pavilions have been under reconstruction as of 2019, with the Affine Design architects aiming for complete renewal of the site, to produce a setting of entertainment and conviviality in Monaco.
