The arcuate fasciculus terminates in Broca's area (specifically BA 44) which is linked to processing complex syntax.

The presence and strength of such associations may elucidate pathophysiological processes influencing systems such as language and motor planning.

Though the exact function of the arcuate fasciculus is still debated, the predominant theory is that it is involved with processing complex sequences of syntax.

Studies indicate that as the arcuate fasciculus matures and undergoes myelination, there is a corresponding increase in the ability to process syntax.

Researchers have found that when subjects are confronted with difficult syntactic structures, there is high synchronicity between the left frontal and parietal regions due to their connection by the arcuate fasciculus.

[2] The arcuate fasciculus is a bilateral structure; this means that it is present in both the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

[2][9] Studies further suggest that the right arcuate fasciculus is involved with the ability to read emotion from human facial expression.

Progressive aphasic patients that have lesions in their arcuate fasciculus were especially deficient in their syntax processing abilities.

[12] In stutterers, the arcuate fasciculus appears to have bilateral deficits that reduce it by one-third or more relative to non-stutterers.

Damage to the arcuate fasciculus is implicated as a possible cause of specific language impairment, however further data is required to validate this claim.

Research has shown that decreases in the integrity of the arcuate fasciculus coincide with worsened reading ability in dyslexic subjects.