As a part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey after the Greco-Turkish war of 1919-1922, a number of refugees fled to Attica from the former Ottoman Empire.

In 1926, refugees from Argyroupolis in northeastern Turkey (modern Gümüşhane meaning "silver house") arrived in site, then named Ktima Geroulanou (Greek: Κτήμα Γερουλανου).

One of the first tasks of the settlers was to build the church of Αγία Βαρβάρα (St. Barbara), named after the patron saint of the now Turkish city.

[3] Argyroupoli is situated on the southwestern foot of the Hymettus mountain, 9 km (6 mi) south of Athens city centre.

Numerous public bus lines run through Argyroupoli connecting the district with Athens center and Glyfada.