In the 19th century, both nations shared a similar fate, with Eastern Armenia and Turkmen lands conquered by the Russian Empire.

According to the 1897 census, there were 4,256 Armenians in the four southern uezds of the Transcaspian Oblast, roughly corresponding to present-day Turkmenistan.

[4] During the visit of President Sargsyan in early October 2014, the opening of Days of Culture of Armenia in Turkmenistan at the tourist zone of Awaza on the Caspian Sea coast.

One of the three Armenian Sunday schools in Turkmenistan, operates under the supervision of the Embassy of Armenia, with the other two being founded with the support of the Ministry of Diaspora Affairs.

The only Armenian cultural cite in Turkmenistan is the now non-operational Church of Turkmenbashi, built in 1903.