The monastery was completed in the early 15th century, during the reign of Moldavian Hospodar Alexandru I Mușat.
When James Louis Sobieski (1667–1737) attempted to ascend to the Moldavian throne, he used the monastery as his base of operations.
In 1690 it became the headquarters of the Polish Army for all of their operations in Moldavia related to Poland's participation in the War of the Holy League against the Ottoman Empire.
Staying at the monastery for several years, the Poles built an extensive network of bastion fortifications, which are well preserved to this day.
The monastery's popular name, "Zamca", likely comes from this period; it is derived from zamek, the Polish word for castle.