A "conservative" estimate by Charles A. Burney put the population of Tushpa (Van), the capital of Urartu, and its suburbs at 50,000.
[77] Yervand Grekyan criticized these numbers as highly exaggerated and proposed 1,800 to 2,000 in Karmur Blur and 3,000 to 4,000 for Argishtikhinili.
[82] These are partly or entirely based on Appian, who in Mithridatic War §67 attests that Tigranes carried 300,000 people from Cappadocia to Tigranocerta.
Hakob Manandyan noted that Ani's population was "unquestionably more than that of contemporary cities in Western Europe.
He proposed 40,000 to 50,000 for Ahlat (Khlat) and Yerznka (Erzincan), and 15,000 to 25,000 for Kars, Nprkert (Martyropolis), Archesh (Arzes), and Manazkert.