Arnold Penther (15 October 1865, Rome – 6 April 1931, Vienna) was an Austrian naturalist.
Beginning in 1898 he worked as a volunteer at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, later attaining the role of curator.
[1][2] In 1894–96 he conducted zoological and botanical investigations in South Africa and Rhodesia.
Later on in his career, he embarked on scientific expeditions to Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and the Balkans.
[2] The genus Pentheriella (family Asteraceae, synonym Heteromma) was named in his honor by Karl August Otto Hoffmann and Reinhold Conrad Muschler,[3][4] and taxa with the specific epithet of pentheri are named after him,[5] an example being Rhus pentheri.