[5] Arnulf's only surviving work, De cartillagine (On cartilage), is a response to Abbo's Apologeticus and was written in the aftermath of a riot that broke up the council of Saint-Denis in 993.
[6] At the Synod of Saint-Basle de Verzy in 991 Arnulf resisted papal interference, with very aggressive rhetoric.
[7] His speech there, O lugenda Roma, was passed down in a text composed by Gerbert d'Aurillac, who became Pope Sylvester II at the end of the decade.
[9] The business of the meeting was to deal with Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, as a rebel, part of the aftermath of Hugh Capet's assumption of power from the Carolingians.
[10] The speech attributed to Arnulf as prolocutor, and in particular his characterisation of the Pope as Antichrist, was quoted subsequently, for example, by the Magdeburg Centuriators[11] and by James I of England.