Arthur E. Hertzler (26 July 1870–12 September 1946) was an American physician who, in addition to his lengthy medical career, which included the founding of a hospital, is now primarily known for two things; his bestselling book The Horse and Buggy Doctor, and his reporting of the term "barefooted and pregnant" in that book.

In 1918, Hertzler published a medical manual, Surgical Operations with Local Anesthesia, which became popular among doctors at the time.

[7] After his death, a letter of appreciation from Albert Einstein for his book The Grounds of an Old Surgeon's Faith was found amongst Hertzler's papers,[8] as was a letter from the author Margaret Mitchell in which she wrote about her appreciation of his work, citing his book Ventures in Science of a Country Surgeon.

[9] In his book The Horse and Buggy Doctor, first published in 1938, Hertzler related an anecdote, stating critically that: The term "barefooted and pregnant" subsequently entered American poliltical discourse, in the context of debates relating to feminism, sexism and women's rights.

[10] After a medical career lasting over 50 years, Hertzler died in 1946 at the age of 76, in the hospital he founded in Halstead.