Arthur Jenkins (3 February 1882 – 25 April 1946) was a Welsh coal-miner, trade unionist and Labour politician who served as vice-president of the South Wales Miners' Federation and MP for Pontypool.

On 2 October 1911 Jenkins married Hattie Harris (1886–1953), the daughter of a local steelworks manager from Blaenavon who worked in a music shop in Pontypool.

They had one son, Roy Harris Jenkins (1920–2003), who followed his father into politics, serving as Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer under Harold Wilson and later as President of the European Commission.

During the General Strike of 1926 he was arrested on disputed charges, hauled before the magistrate and sent to prison for nine months, although this did not prevent him from returning to the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party.

With the rise of totalitarian dictatorships during 1930s his interests spread from coal and unemployed miners to poverty more generally and education, as well as foreign affairs.

In 1937 his views on rearmament and the threat of global conflict attracted the attention of the Labour leader, Clement Attlee, for whom he worked as Parliamentary Private Secretary.

During the Second World War Jenkins worked on industrial tribunals for the Royal Ordnance Factory, Glascoed, for which he needed legal dispensation from parliamentary privilege because he was an MP.