Arthur Edward George Rae (14 March 1860 – 25 November 1943) was a New Zealand-born Australian trade unionist and politician.

Rae allied himself with the One Big Union and helped establish the Industrial Socialist Labor Party in 1919, leaving the AWU and ALP.

[3] During the 1890 Australian maritime dispute, Rae led a solidarity strike of Riverina shearers and was convicted of offences under the Masters and Servants Act 1857.

[5] In the early 1920s, Rae began writing for Common Cause, the official newspaper of the Miners' Federation of Australia, using his articles to "white-ant" the AWU.

[3] In 1925 he helped establish the Bushwhackers Propaganda Group, a faction of pastoral workers within the AWU that sought "a greater voice for the rank and file in operational and policy-making areas of the union".

[1] In the Legislative Assembly, Rae attracted attention for his advocacy of state socialism, universal adult suffrage, and republicanism, including speaking against a condolence motion for Queen Victoria's grandson Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale.

[3] Rae's maiden speech in the Senate "challenged those around him, and particularly his Labor colleagues, to embrace the coming of socialism, and his ideological predilections continued to inform his views on virtually every matter under debate".

[12] In 1910, Rae introduced a resolution into the Senate calling on the British parliament to enact women's suffrage, which by then had been granted in all Australian jurisdictions.

[13] Rae had a long-standing interest in women's rights, dating back to the 1890s when he developed a friendship with Rose Scott.

R. J. Cassidy attributed his defeat to "the lamentable ignorance of the younger generation of Labor voters", while it has also been suggested that his anti-war views cost him votes only months after the outbreak of World War I.

[1] Rae was the secretary and spokesman for the No-Conscription Campaign during the 1916 plebiscite and the following year was prosecuted under the War Precautions Act 1914 for making misleading statements, although he was not convicted.

[3] In 1918, Rae was appointed acting state secretary of the ALP in New South Wales and became the founding editor of The Labor News.

[15] Rae stated the following year that the "present political methods of the ALP were misleading and would do nothing to emancipate workers from wage slavery".

[3] When the ISLP failed to gain traction, he and Willis began to ally themselves with Jack Lang, who had been elected state leader of the ALP in 1923 but did not fully consolidate power for several more years.

[3] In 1928, Rae was chosen as the ALP's official nominee for the casual vacancy caused by the death of Senator John Grant.

[3] Rae was re-elected to the Senate at the 1928 federal election, following a lengthy ALP preselection process that spanned multiple ballots.

[18] In 1934, Rae was leader of protests against the Lyons government's attempts to exclude Czech socialist writer Egon Kisch from Australia.

[19] Three of sons served with the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during World War I, with William killed in action in August 1918 and Donald dying while on active duty in January 1919.