Arthur Salz (31 December 1881 – 10 August 1963) was a German professor of sociology and economics who wrote on mercantilism, imperialism, and power.
He was familiar with the Stefan George circle and married Sophie Kantorowiz, the sister of historian Ernst Kantorowicz.
After completing gymnasium in Plzeň, Salz studied economics in Berlin, where he attended the lectures of Georg Simmel.
Salz was the co-editor of Heidelberger Studien aus dem Institut für Sozial- und Staatswissenschaft and lectured at the Handelshochschule in Mannheim and at the Akademie der Arbeit in Frankfurt.
He held a post as an economic adviser to Djemal Pascha, an assignment which took him to Constantinople and Damascus and awakened Salz's interest in Islam although he himself was a religious Jew.