Artur Carlos de Barros Basto (Hebrew: אברהם ישראל בן-ראש; Abraham Israel Ben-Rosh) (18 December 1887 – 8 March 1961) was a Portuguese military officer and writer, who published several works related to Judaism.

His family had not kept the Jewish precepts and so he became aware of the existence of Jews in Portugal only in 1904; the year he read a newspaper article referring to the inauguration of the synagogue Shaaré Tikva, in Lisbon.

Years later, he joined the army, and when ordered to attend a course at the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa (Technical School of Lisbon), the young Barros Basto went to the synagogue of the city in an attempt to be admitted there.

He also had several grandchildren and great-grandchildren; his granddaughter, Isabel Ferreira Lopes, is the current vice president of the Jewish Community of Porto.

They said they were descendants of Jews forced to convert in the 15th century and claimed to maintain alive yet some Jewish practices and rituals, in the secrecy of their homes.

The claims of the crypto-Jews were proven true by Barros Basto and the committee of London, who found that they did not lie about their origins since they proved to still keep prayers to Hashem and respect the Sabbath as their ancestors.

Following a petition presented to Parliament on 31 October 2011 by his granddaughter, Isabel Ferreira Lopes, the name of Barros Basto was rehabilitated to 29 February 2012.

"Barros Basto was separated from the Army due to a general climate of animosity against him motivated by the fact of being a Jew" - can be read in the document that the LUSA news agency had access to.

In turn, the Resolution of the Assembly of the Republic n.º 119/2012, of 10–08, urged the government to undertake a symbolic reintegration of Barros Basto in the Army, posthumously, "by no means in a category lower than the person concerned would have been entitled to had he not been dismissed".