Arturo O'Neill de Tyrone y O'Kelly (January 8, 1736 – December 9, 1814) was a Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator.

[4] At the battle's conclusion on May 9, 1781, he was appointed governor of Spanish West Florida in the service of New Spain, proving to be an effective diplomat and an able administrator.

In addition, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Cherokees sought help from O'Neill to defend against American encroachment or invasion, so the military commandant and governor sent reinforcements to the areas of these peoples.

So, fearing that the alliance could be detrimental to West Florida, Spanish officials negotiated another treaty with Native Americans in Mobile.

In late 1787, O'Neill, based on the fact that he had ruled Florida for six years (when five was customary), asked the Spanish crown if he might ascend to the title of brigadier and be appointed the Governor of Puerto Rico or to a similar position.

When O'Neill returned to Pensacola the following year, he organized the Third Battalion of the Regiment of Louisiana Infantry to strengthen its military position.

[7] To do this, he planned to send a missionary to the Native American villages and encourage miscegenation between the Christian Amerindians and the Spanish.

He expanded the supply of teachers for schools and also had to tackle smuggling that was done from across the province of Cuba and the islands the Caribbean Sea.

[3] O'Neill carried out the seizure of the ship La Bella Jane in San Francisco de Campeche.

[9] O’Neill died in Madrid on December 9, 1814,[3][5] and was buried in a niche in the cemetery of the Puerta de los Pozos.