Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse (15 February 1820 – 24 April 1901) was a Swedish noble and statesman, serving as the Prime Minister of Sweden between 1880–1883.

In 1849 Posse left public service and resettled at Charlottenlund Castle and devoted his time to agriculture, enterprise and local politics (being, e.g., 1865–68 the president of Malmöhus County Council).

In the Parliament of 1862-63 he chaired the Committee of Ways and Means (Bevillningsutskottet), where he was a strong proponent of the principles of free trade, which he would remain throughout his life.

He entered government on 19 April 1880, being appointed Prime Minister, following the resignation of Baron Louis Gerhard De Geer.

The issues concerned the proposed abolition of both the allotment system and the land taxes (grundskatter) as part of a re-organization of the military.

However, the Upper House's insistence on retaining the allotment system, and, perhaps more importantly, the Lantmanna Party's cutbacks, led to a series of dramas and a defeat for Posse, following which he resigned as Prime Minister on 13 June 1883.

As member of the First Chamber for South Kalmar County 1882–1890, Posse kept a low profile, but opposed the introduction of grain tariffs during the 1887 struggle between free traders and protectionists.