Asasaburo Kobayashi (小林浅三郎, Kobayashi Asasaburo, 1 April 1891 – 7 March 1974) was an Imperial Japanese Army lieutenant general during World War II who mostly served in staff positions.

In the early 1930s he was assigned to the Imperial Household and then became an instructor at the army infantry school in 1935.

From 1936 to 1937, Kobayashi was the chief of staff of the Imperial Guards Division, then commanded the 3rd Infantry Regiment from 1937 to 1938.

Then from December 1941 to 1943, he served as the chief of staff of General Defense Command, overseeing military forces defending the Japanese home islands, Korea, and Taiwan, including during the Doolittle Raid.

He then became the last chief of staff of the China Expeditionary Army until the end of the war in August 1945.