The station was opened in 1854 with the commissioning of the Bavarian Ludwig Western Railway (Ludwigs-West-Bahn]) on what was then a green field.

During the Second World War, the station as a hub represented a target for Allied air raids, including on the night of 1/2 April 1942.

[5] The original station building was destroyed in an air raid on the railway facilities on 29 December 1944.

The entrance hall had a large glass front, a flat roof and an extension with the station restaurant.

In October 2010, a miniature copy of the Hermes-Mosaik (Hermes mosaic), which was previously mounted on the outside wall, was attached to the east side of the new entrance building.

The tracks of Aschaffenburg Hbf were controlled until 1974 by many decentralised mechanical and electromechanical signal boxes.

From 1891 until the end of the 1950s, the so-called Mainländebahn (Main lands railway) branched off below the Bischberg (hill) to the former rafting and trading port.

Since the road link in the Bachgau is congested, especially in the peak hour, a reactivation of this connection, at least to Großostheim, is regularly discussed.