Assumption of the Virgin (Italian: Assunzione di Maria) is a fresco by Rosso Fiorentino in the Chiostro dei Voti of the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata in Florence.

Vasari's Lives of the Artists relates how it was painted rapidly between 1513 and 1514 ready to be inaugurated at the solemnity of 8 September 1514, when the basilica received the title of perpetual jubilee from Pope Leo X. Fiorentino came highly recommended to the monks by his master Andrea del Sarto (painter of most of the lunettes in the cloister).

The Assumption has a pattern derived from the Last Judgement by Fra Bartolomeo and Mariotto Albertinelli, divided into two registers, with the Apostles and the crowd below, where is Mary's sarcophagus, and the celestial vision of the Virgin in glory with angels at the top.

Another model may have been the Oddi Altarpiece by Raphael, although Barocchi highlighted the influence of Albrecht Dürer, in works such as the drawing for an Assumption destroyed in 1674, perhaps known through prints.

Numerous elements also appear innovative, such as the types of the Apostles, with broad faces and overall little marked features, big noses and sometimes bizarre expressions, perhaps influenced by Nordic prints, which then already circulated widely.