[7] Among the Aramaeans, ʿAṯtar appears in a masculine form as the god 𐡏𐡕𐡓 (ʿAttar), in which capacity he was identified with the baetyl as 𒁹𒀀𒋻𒋡𒈬 (ʿAttar-qāmu, lit.

[6][8] Within the ancient Aramaean religion, the deceased ancestors of the clans, called ʿamm, were worshipped as idealised figures who could become assimilated to ʿAttar, as evidenced by personal names such as 𒁹𒀀𒋻𒄩𒄠 𒁹𒀀𒋻𒄩𒈬 (ʿAttar-ʿammu, lit.

[8] ʿAṯtar thus held a very important place within the ancient South Arabian pantheon, in which he replaced the old Semitic high god ʾIl as the supreme deity.

'the day when he performed the hunt for ʿAṯtar') itself had a parallel in a reference to 𒄿𒈾 𒌋𒐋 𒌓𒈪 𒍝𒁺 𒊭 𒀭𒀸𒁯 (ina 16 umi ṣadu ša ᴰAštart, lit.

[8] ʿAṯtar was worshipped as a masculine deity among the ancient Arabs, who during the Iron Age were located principally in the Syrian Desert and North Arabia.

The name of the deity is followed by the title 𐡍𐡂𐡔 (ngš), corresponding to Ancient North Arabian 𐪌𐪔𐪆 (ngś) and Ethiosemitic ንጉሥ (nəguś), and meaning "the ruler.

"[8] ʿAttar-Muṣurūn was thus the main deity of North Arabia, and the tomb in which his name was found inscribed likely belonged to an Arab who had been deported by the Assyrians to their northeastern border regions.

[6][8] The masculine form 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓‎ (ʿAštar) existed among the Canaanite peoples as an astral deity, which is attested by his mention along with the Moon-God Šaggar in the 9th or 7th century BC Dayr ʿAllā inscription, the subject of which is largely the Sun-goddess Šamāš, thus forming a triad of the Sun, Moon, and Venus similarly to the one attested in South Arabia, and suggesting a South Arabian religious influence in Moab.

The hypostases of ʿAṯtar who appear among the various Canaanite peoples might have been an indigenous Transjordanian variation of his or local adaptations of the North Arabian variant of the god.

[6] In the 5th century BC, under the Achaemenid Empire, a shrine dedicated to ʿAštar existed in the Sharon Plain in Canaan, at a location corresponding to the present-day Israeli town of Elyakhin, where he was worshipped by Phoenicians, Aramaeans, and Arabs.

[6] Arabian units of the Achaemenid army stationed in Canaan during the 5th century BC who participated in the cult of ʿAštar have left inscriptions recording his name, suffixed with a mimation to differentiate him from the Canaanite feminine form of ʿAṯtar, 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕‎ (ʿAštart), in the Phoenician and Aramaic scripts as 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌‎ and 𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌‎ (ʿAštarum).

[6][8][20] According to the inscription of the Moabite king Mōšaʿ on the victory stele commemorating his triumph in a war against the Israelites, he had sacrificed the whole population of the town of Nebo to ʿAštar-Kamōš.