It is a relatively recent addition to the already-speciose Astyanax, named in 2017 as part of an in-depth revision of the genus' presence in Central and North America.

[3] Mature specimens may develop small fleshy extensions on the anal or pelvic fins, called nuptial spines or tubercles, and these are simple (solid-bodied, as opposed to bifid in some congeners).

However, a revision of the genus in 2017 by Mexican ichthyologist Juan J. Schmitter-Soto (specifically members from Central and North America) prompted its recognition as a separate species, albeit an under-studied one.

[11] Astyanax acatlanensis is known to be amongst prey items in the diet of the neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis), specifically in the southern Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve of Mexico.

Without more extensive knowledge of population levels, ecological threats, and potential anthropogenic hazards, there is no way to determine whether or not A. acatlanensis is in a sustainable position as a species.

[1] However, general study of Mexico's rivers has revealed extensive human activity that not only threatens the ecology of various regions but is also a potential health hazard to the many towns and cities that rely on the Mexican watershed for resources.