A 2023 poll by the Pew Research Center found that 4% of Americans in the United States self-identified as atheists.

[7]According to the 2014 General Sociological Survey, the number of atheists and agnostics in the U.S. grew over the previous 23 years.

[9] One 2018 research paper using indirect methods estimated that 26% of Americans are atheists, which is much higher than the 3%-11% rates that are consistently found in surveys.

[10] However, methodological problems have been identified with this particular study; in particular, it has been posted that many people might not have a binary outlook to the question of the existence of God.

[3] In 2014, a Pew survey found that 53% of Americans claimed they would be less likely to vote for a presidential candidate who was an atheist.