In an example of convergent evolution, they show many similarities to the arboreal pit vipers of Asia and South America.

[2][3] The tail is strongly prehensile and can support the body while suspended from a branch or a twig.

[6] Atheris species have been known to prey upon a variety of small amphibians, lizards, rodents, birds, and even other snakes.

[3][6] Prey is typically ambushed from a hanging position, held until it has succumbed to the venom, and then swallowed.

[5] Mating takes place in October and November, and the females give birth to live young in March and April.

[8] A. squamigera is reported to do very well in captivity, needing only arboreal access and having no particular temperature requirements.

Limited understanding exists about their venom, except that it is strongly hemotoxic, causing pain, swelling, and blood clotting problems.

[2] Until recently, their venom has often been regarded as less toxic than that of many other species, perhaps because bites are uncommon,[3] but this turned out not to be the case.

[3] Symptomatic replacement therapy[clarification needed] is applied due to the absence of an Atheris-specific antivenom.