[3] Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Augusta Township, although the unincorporated community of Augusta lies in the township's east.

Ohio State Route 9 passes through the township, leading southwest 9 miles (14 km) from Augusta village to Carrollton, the county seat, and northeast 7 miles (11 km) to Hanoverton.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[5] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Students attend the Minerva Local School District in the Northwestern part and Carrollton Exempted Village School District in most of the township.