His efforts at reform met resistance, but after his death the regulations he had proposed were later adopted by those who formed the discalced branch.

[3] In 1561, Luis de León O.S.A., chair of theology at Salamanca undertook a revision of the constitutions of the order; in 1588 the first Augustinian community of the Spanish Regular Observance was established at Talavera.

In 1622 Pope Gregory XV authorized the erection of a separate congregation for the Recollect Augustinians, with its own vicar-general.

[5] Being a contemplative Order, it was not really their main goal to evangelize the country, but they became more active in the Philippines from 1606 to 1898, and later some missionaries spread the Recollect mission in Central America and in other parts of the world.

Most of their houses were just formation centers, but they opened them to the public because the faithful would go and attend Sunday services with the friars.

Instead of rebuilding, the Order moved to its present house, then San Sebastian Church, in Quiapo, Manila.

Other parishes that were given to them early in their ministry in the Philippines were those of Mabalacat in Pampanga, Capas and Bamban in Tarlac province.

The opposition of the other religious orders against an autonomous diocesan clergy independent of them (With the possible exception of the Recollects and Jesuits) lead to the martyrdom of Filipino Diocesan priests Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora collectively known as Gomburza who were wrongly implicated in the Cavite Mutiny, since the Spanish feared that because a priest, Rev.

[8] Furthermore, the Governor General who was a Freemason, Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez upon discovering the Cavite Mutiny was led by fellow Freemasons: Maximo Innocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso; the Governor-General as per his Masonic vow to protect fellow brothers of the Craft, shifted the blame to Gomburza since they had inspired ethnic pride among Filipinos due to their campaign for reform.

[8] The Governor-General asked the Catholic hierarchy in the person of Archbishop of Manila Gregorio Meliton Martinez (the same Archbishop who ordained the Recollect Saint, Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz) to have them declared as heretics and defrocked but he refused as he believed in Gomburza's innocence.

[8] This inspired the Jesuit educated and future National Hero Jose Rizal to form the La Liga Filipina, to ask for reforms from Spain and recognition of local clergy.

Alonso de Orozco Mena, court preacher, was instrumental in the founding of the first Recollect convent, that of the Visitation, in Madrid, in 1589.

[12] Juan de Ribera, Archbishop of Valencia (d. 1611), founded a second Discalced Augustinian congregation at Alcoy, in 1597.

In the convent at Cybar, Mariana Manzanedo of St. Joseph instituted a reform which led to the establishment of a third group, that of the female Augustinian Recollects.

The statutes, drawn up by Father Antinólez, and later confirmed by Paul V, bound the sisters to the strictest interpretation of the rules of poverty and obedience, and a rigorous penitential discipline.

On 5 December 1588, a number of religious of the Augustinian Province of Castile, moved by a special collective charism, expressed with renewed fervour, and according to new norms, their desire to live the type of consecrated life which Saint Augustine established in the Church, illustrated by his doctrine and examples and ordered in his Holy Rule.