Augustus Rodney Macdonough (November 20, 1820 – July 21, 1907) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor, and Secretary of the Erie Railroad for twenty-five years.

Macdonough was born on November 20, 1820, at Middletown in Middlesex County, Connecticut, and was named after his father's friend, Caesar Augustus Rodney.

[8] Beginning with his election at the age of thirty-one on November 6, 1852, Macdonough was a member of the Century Association in New York for fifty-five years.

[13] By 1853, he owned the painting of his father by Gilbert Stuart (c. 1815 – c. 1818), from his brother Charles Shaler MacDonough, which he lent it to the Washington Exhibition in New York.

After his death, Augustus bequeathed the painting to his nephew, Rodney MacDonough, who left it to his children and was eventually owned by Andrew W. Mellon and is today part of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.[14] Macdonough died on July 21, 1907, at his home, 353 West 57th Street in New York City.