The Australian Document of Identity (DOI) is a travel document issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade to Australian citizens and some Commonwealth citizens in specific and rare[1] circumstances.

It is not intended to be a broadly used identity document in Australia, nor does it generally provide evidence of citizenship or residency.

The primary purpose of the Document of Identity is to allow an Australian citizen to travel to Norfolk Island without the need for a passport.

By the Australian Passports Determination 2005 a Document of identity is also issued to Australian citizens to whom it is unnecessary or undesirable to issue a passport and, under compassionate circumstance, to non-Australian Commonwealth nationals who are unable obtain a valid travel document from their country or countries of nationality.

Furthermore, possession of a currently-valid Australian passport excludes the holder from applying for a Document of Identity.