Autonomous okrugs (Russian: автономный округ, romanized: avtonomnyy okrug; more correctly referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas") are a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects.

[3] Originally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in the 1930s to provide autonomy to Indigenous peoples of the North, like the Karelian National Okrug for the Tver Karelians.

Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished.

On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.

[5][6] The process was subsequently scrapped on July 2 following public outcry to the merger.