[5] Auto-vampirism is considered a pathology of vampiristic behavior or "clinical vampirism",[6] which also includes any violent or sexual act done to or in the presence of the body of a dead being, not drinking the blood of a living human.
Clinical psychologist Richard Noll introduced this term, which was coined after the mental patient who assisted Dracula in Bram Stoker's novel.
[10] According to clinical psychologist Noll, this process includes three stages: autovampirism, zoophagia (the progressive paraphilic stage[1] that involves eating of animals or drinking of animals' blood), and clinical or true vampirism.
[11] This was illustrated in the case of a 35- year old woman with schizophrenia who experienced severe depersonalization and auditory hallucinations that commanded her to drink her own blood.
It's difficult to determine all the consequences of auto-vampirism due to the difficulty of finding people who drink their own blood.