[2] The sexologist Anne Lawrence describes as examples of erotic target identity inversions males or trans women who experience sexual arousal in response to imagining themselves as women (autogynephilia), as well as at least one case of anatomic autoandrophilia.
[4][5] A male with sexual arousal based on temporarily taking on the appearance or role of a woman is transvestic fetishism.
[7] Apotemnophilia can be associated with the strong belief or desire that one's external body is mismatched to one's true nature,[8] a phenomenon called body integrity identity disorder,[9] and the desire to undergo surgery to remove a limb.
People who temporarily adopt the role or identity of an amputee have been called disability pretenders.
[13] In a letter to the editor of The Journal of Sex Research in 2009, San Francisco-based physician and activist Charles Allen Moser criticized Lawrence' endorsement of the concept of ETLEs.