Avera and inward

In medieval England, avera and inward (or inguard) were feudal obligations assessed against a royal demesne.

The terms refer to various services rendered to the crown in lieu of payment in coin.

[1] Avera is connected with carrying items by horse,[1] or possibly ploughing[2] or both.

[3] Inward is probably the provision of a bodyguard during a royal visit:[4] in Anglo-Saxon England it could be claimed by a sheriff.

[6] The services were usually found in the eastern counties, especially Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire,[3] due from sokemen.